Photos / Sounds
What
Moss Bell (Galerina hypnorum)Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, west side of the PNA, 1.5 km N of Hwy 108, 2.8 km SW of the centre of Louis Lake, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
18-08-22/03 Gregarious (3) among Dicranum on a rotten log, in mixed forest of Picea rubens, Abies balsamea, and Betula papyrifera
Specimen in the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus conical, striate, moist, glabrous, brownish orange (HSV40:50-60:100), 3-4 mm in diameter
Stipe equal, moist, pruinose at the apex but otherwise glabrous (appearing finely scaly in the field photo), yellow orange (HSV40:15-20:100), 20-22 x <1 mm.
Lamellae orange (HSV40:15-20:100), close, adnexed, not marginate
Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, lacking a distinctive odour
Basidiospores not producing a visible spore print, ovate and with a tapered apex in profile, ovate in dorsi-ventral view, finely roughened, with a well-defined suprahilar plage, frequently calyptrate in KOH mounts, stronlgy dextrinoid, 8.5-9.7 x 4.8-6.0 µm, Q = 1.61-1.87 (average[37]:9.2±0.3 x 5.2±0.2 µm, Q = 1.75±0.07), 9.0-10.1 x 5.4-6.2 µm, Q = 1.56-1.75 (average[14]: 9.6±0.4 x 5.8±0.3 µm, Q = 1.66±0.06) after 24 hours in KOH
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia forming a continuous sterile margin, weakly lageniform, often slightly swollen at the apex, 29-43 x 4.7-10.0 x 2.8-4.6 x 4.6-6.1 µm
Caulocystidia abundant at the apex of the stipe, similar to the cheilocystidia but more cylindrical, often flexuose
Pileipellis a cutis of reddish brown strongly encrusted hyphae
Photos:
- Basidiomata in the natural habitat
- Scan of the basidiomata
- Cross section of the pileus in Windex showing the strongly encrusted cutis
- Caulocystidia from the apex of the stipe in Windex
- Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidiospores from lamella mounted in KOH + Congo Red. Ventral view showing the smooth plage area and associated calyptra (the little "ears")
- Basidiospores from lamella mounted in Melzer's Solution. Profile view showing tapered apex and strongly dextrinoid walls. The one at far right is in high contrast to show the nature of the apex
Photos / Sounds
What
Common Funnel (Infundibulicybe gibba)Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5 km SSE from the centre of Louis Lake, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
13-08-22/06 Gregarious (3) in leaf litter in mature forest of Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and Fagus grandifolia
Collection in the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus infundibuliform, soft, radially wrinkled, dry, glabrous to finely tomentose, pale pinkish buff (HSV30:05-10:100), 52-67 mm in diameter
Stipe cylindrical or tapering down slightly, dry, glabrous except for a mass of white hyphae at the base, similar in colour to the pileus, soft and easily compressed, 20-35 x 2-3 mm
Lamellae white to yellowish white, close to crowded, decurrent, not marginate
Flesh white, with a faint curry odour, lacking a distinctive taste.
Basidiospores white in spore print, obovate to dacryoid in profile, smooth, inamyloid, 5.9-7.6 x 4.2-5.4 µm, Q = 1.28-1.59 (average[52]: 6.8±0.4 x 4.9±0.3 µm, Q = 1.40±0.08)
Basidia borne from a dense subhymenium of proliferating clamp connections, clavate, 4-spored
Hymenial cystidia lacking
Lamellar trama loosely parallel to interwoven, easily separating into two halves when crushed
Pileipellis a dense cutis of pale yellow brown hyphae, with subpellis similar to the pellis but nearly hyaline, with cutis giving rise to a thick tomentum of hyaline hyphae with prominent clamp connections
Pileal trama loosely parallel to interwoven
Photos:
1 Basidiomata in the natural habitat
2 Scan of basidiomata
3 Pileipellis showing the compact brown cutis - the tomentose layer is only slightly developed in this area
4 Tomentose layer on the surface of the pileus where well developed
5 Basidia in KOH + Congo Red - the immature ones in the panels second and third from left have prominent clamp connections
6 Basidiospores from spore print in KOH + Congo Red
7 Thick cross section of a lamella. The structures protruding from the surface are an unidentified yeast-like parasite abundant on many of the lamellae
Photos / Sounds
What
Entoloma bicolorObserver
dmallochPlace
Loch Alva Protected Natural Area, near Log Falls Dam on West Branch Reservoir, Saint John Co, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
09-07-23/01 Solitary in soil in the centre of an old bush road, associated with Picea rubens and Abies balsamea
Pileus plano-convex, with a low rounded umbo, centrally rugulose, dry, glabrous, light yellow brown (HSV35:40:80), hygrophanous, 78 mm in diam.
Stipe equal, white, glabrous, dry, brittle, 80 x 15 mm
Lamellae white or nearly so at first, later developing pink colours as the spores mature, close to subclose, adnexed, greenish when exsiccates are revived in Windex
Flesh white, with a farinaceous odour
Basidiospores pink in spore print, nearly isodiametrical to heterodiametrical in profile, mostly 5-sided but occasionaly up to 7-sided, 8.0-11.7 x 6.8-8.9 µm, Q = 1.07-1.43 (average[46]: 9.1±0.9 x 7.7±0.5 µm, Q = 1.18±0.08).
Basidia produced on a very compact subhymenium of proliferating clamp connections, clavate to ventricose to broadly sausage-shaped, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection although this may be difficult to observe at maturity
Hymenial cystidia lacking
Pileipellis a thin cutis of narrow encrusted hyphae, with subpellis of broad and mostly unencrusted hyphae
Clamp connections produced throughout at most septa, usually rather low in profile
Photos:
- Basidioma in natural habitat
- Basidioma in natural habitat
- Pileipellis in KOH + Congo Red showing the encrusted hyphae of the cutis above the swollen cells of the subpellis
- Immature and mature basidia, some showing the basal clamp connection
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Entoloma albogriseumObserver
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5 km SSE from the centre of Louis Lake, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
13-08-22/05 Gregarious (3) in in humus at the side of a rotting hardwood stump in mature forest of Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and Fagus grandifolia
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus broadly convex, slightly depressed at the immediate centre, dry, glabrous, light grey (HSV00:0:95-98), 21-32 mm in diameter
Stipe cylindrical, dry, very pale orange buff but with a white-canescent surface that can be easily rubbed off, 20-35 x 2-3 mm
Lamellae not seen when young, pink at maturity from the basidiospores, close, adnate to subdecurrent, not marginate
Flesh olivaceous (HSV45:15:50) in the pileus, concolorous with the surface tissues in the cortex of the stipe, white in the centre of the stipe, with a farinaceous odour and taste.
Basidiospores pink in spore print, heterodiametrical, 5–8-sided in profile, 9.6-11.8 x 6.6-7.8 µm, Q = 1.41-1.62 (average[47]: 10.8±0.5 x 7.1±0.3 µm, Q = 1.51±0.06)
Basidia produced from a very compact subhymenium, clavate to ventricose, 4-spored, with a basal proliferating clamp connection
Cheilocystidia abundant and forming a continuous sterile margin on the lamellae, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, rarely swollen at the apex or base or even lobed at the apex, septate, 36-63 x 4.1-9.7 µm
Pileipellis a cutis to subtrichodermium of broad hyaline hyphae, with subpellis poorly differentiated from the pileal trama
Photos:
- Basidiomata in the natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Cross section of the pileipellis in Windex + Congo Red
- Cross section of the pileipellis in Windex + Congo Red
- Cross section of a lamella showing a cluster of cheilocystidia at the tip
- Cheilocystidia in Windex + Congo Red
- Basidia in KOH + Congo Red showing basal clamp connection
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Pretty Pinkgill (Entoloma formosum)Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5.8 km SW from centre of Burnt Lake off Hwy 108, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
16-08-22/06 Gregarious on the trunk of a living B. alleghaniensis near its base, in mature forest of Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus broadly convex to subcampanulate, depressed on the disc, striate at the margin, dry, appressed-fibrillose, orange brown (HSV40:50:90) above a more orange (HSV45:30:100) ground colour, 16-27 mm in diameter
Stipe equal, straight, light brown (HSV40:30:90), glabrous except for the white-mycelial base, dry, 50-63 x 2-3 mm
Lamellae not seen when young, possibly pale yellow brown, close, adnate to subdecurrent, not marginate
Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues in the pileus and stipe cortex, white in the centre of the stipe, with a nondescript mushroom odour
Basidiospores pink in spore print, heterodiametrical, 6-8-sided in profile, 9.5-12.7 x 6.7-8.6 µm, Q = 1.35-1.60 (average[45]: 11.0±0.8 x 7.5±0.5 µm, Q = 1.46±0.06)
Basidia borne from a very compact and brittle subhymenial system, difficult to view when attached to subtending hyphae, ventricose to clavate, 4-spored, without a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia abundant, formed in clusters but not forming a continuous sterile margin on the lamellae, mostly obpyriform, 22-33 x 16-23 µm
Pileipellis a subtrichoderm of broad pale hyphae with swollen end cells, often containing a brown exclusively intracellular pigment, with subpellis a compact cutis of narrow brown hyphae
Clamp connections absent throughout
Photos:
- Basidiomata in the natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis in Windex
- Cheilocystidia and a basidium in Windex + Congo Red
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Salmon Pinkgill (Entoloma quadratum)Observer
dmallochPlace
Canoose Flowage Protected Natural Area, 3.7 km NW of Lynnfield, Charlotte Co., NB, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
19-08-17/04 Scattered (2) in soil, most closely associated with Thuja occidentalis and Abies balsamea
In Herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus conical, with a sharp umbo, glabrous, lightly striate, dry, orange (HSV35:70:90), 12-17 mm in diameter
Stipe equal, pale orange (HSV45:20:100), glabrous to slightly fibrillose, dry, 50-63 X 2-3 mm
Lamellae orange (HSV35:50:100), adnexed, subclose, not marginate
Flesh concolourous with the surface tissues, lacking a distinctive odour and taste
Basidiospores pink in spore print, cubical, smooth, 8.5-10.6 X 7.9-9.6 µm, Q = 1.01-1.13 (average[23]: 9.4 X 8.9 µm, Q = 1.06)
Basidia broadly clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia forming a nearly continuous sterile margin, clavate, with a long stipe, with a basal clamp connection
Photos:
- Basidioma in natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidiospores in KOH, the two at right in an apical view and the rest in profile
Photos / Sounds
What
Entoloma luteumObserver
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 4.3 km from the centre of Louis Lake, near Fowler Mountain, S of South Branch Renous River, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
10-08-22/02 Solitary in soil and leaf litter, associated with Abies balsamea and Picea rubens
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum
Pileus conical, with an inconspicuous small umbo, dry, obscurely striate, glabrous, dull yellow brown (HSV35:50:80), 20 mm in diameter
Stipe cylindrical, rooting deeply into the humus, dry, glabrous, yellow brown (HSV35:60:90), white in the lower half where it is within the substrate, brittle-fibrillose, 150 x 3 mm
Lamellae white, ascending-adnexed, subclose, not marginate
Flesh bright yellow below the pileipellis and stipitipellis, white elsewhere, lacking a distinctive odour and taste.
Basidiospores not producing a visible spore print, cubical and resembling transparent dice, with the apiculus situated at a corner where three sides intersect, 8.0-11.5 x 7.5-10.6 µm, Q = 0.85-1.26 (average[37]: 9.3±0.98 x 8.9±0.73 µm, Q = 1.05±0.07) – note: the spores are extremely difficult to align as they would be on the basidium, so that the length and width measurements may be transposed in many cases. Combining the length and width measurements yielded a mean of 9.1±0.88 µm
Basidia broadly clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia abundant and forming a nearly complete sterile margin, mostly clavate, less commonly bifurcate at the apex, occasionally septate, with a clamp connection at the septa
Pileipellis a cutis of hyphae only slightly broader than those of the pileal trama, containing an intracellular pigment, with the cell membrane often pulled away from the cell wall in Windex mounts and forming conspicuous spirals
Clamp connections present throughout
Photos:
- Basidioma in natural habitat
- Scan of basidioma
- Pileipellis in Windex
- Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidiospores from lamella in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5.8 km SW from centre of Burnt Lake of Hwy 108, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
16-08-22/01 Gregarious on a decaying log of Betula alleghaniensis, in a mature forest of Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus convex to plano-convex, depressed on the disc, nearly smooth at first, later becoming corrugate-crenulate, dry, minutely appressed-squamulose, brown (HSV35:60:40-50), 16-40 mm in diameter
Stipe equal or tapering up gradually, olive brown (HSV45:20:50-70), smooth, glabrous, dry, 35-56 x 3-5 mm
Lamellae white, close, adnexed, not marginate
Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, with a nondescript mushroom odour and taste
Basidiospores pink (HSV15:20-30:100) in spore print, heterdiametrical, 6-8-sided but often with angles often rounded and difficult to count, 9.9-14.4 x 6.7-8.3 µm, Q = 1.41-1.87 (average[47]: 11.6±0.9 x 7.3±0.4 µm, Q = 1.60±0.12)
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, lacking a basal clamp connection
Hymenial cystidia lacking
Pileipellis a cutis, with surface hyphae often recurved to form a low trichoderm, with hyphal end cells ellipsoidal to obovoid and containing a brown intracellular pigment, withot encrusting pigments
Clamp connections lacking throughout
Photos:
- Basidiomata in the natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis showing slightly reflexed end cells with intracellular pigments but no encrusted pigments
- Mature basidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Hyphae bearing immature basidia in KOH + Congo Red - clamp connections absent
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Yellow Unicorn Entoloma (Entoloma murrayi)Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5 km SSE from the centre of Louis Lake, Northumberland County, NB, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
13-08-22/09 Gregarious (5) in soil at the edge of a mature forest of Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and Fagus grandifolia
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Basidiospores pink in spore print, cubic, 6.6-9.6 x 6.5-9.5 µm, Q = 0.89-1.34 (average[41]: 8.2±0.81 x 7.8±0.63 µm, Q = 1.06±0.08) – note: the spores are extremely difficult to align as they would be on the basidium, so that the length and width measurements may be transposed in many cases. Combining the length and width measurements yielded a mean of 8.0±0.75 µm.
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection. The clamp connections are a proliferating type best seen on very young basidia.
Cheilocystidia abundant and forming a nearly continuous sterile margin on the lamellae, cylindrical to clavate, often on chains of cells, with a conspicuous basal clamp connection, 26-95 x 12-17 µm
Lamellar trama parallel
Pileipellis a thin cutis, with intracellular pigmentation
Photos:
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis in Windex
- Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Immature basidia in KOH + Congo Red showing the proliferating clamp connections
- Mature basidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5.8 km SW from centre of Burnt Lake of Hwy 108, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
16-08-22/04 Gregarious on a decaying log of Acer saccharum, in a mature forest of Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Basidiospores pink in spore print, heterodiametric, 6-8-sided, 10.2-13.2 x 7.0-8.4 µm, Q = 1.36-1.81 (average[47]: 11.6±0.78 x 7.5±0.32 µm, Q = 1.56±0.13)
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, without a basal clamp connection
Hymenial cystidia lacking
Lamellar trama parallel, composed of hyphae without clamp connections
Pileipellis a dense trichoderm of parallel ascending hyphae, with end cells obovoid and containing a brown granular to totally dissolved brown pigment, without encrusting pigments
Clamp connections absent throughout
Photos:
1 Basidiomata
2 Cross section of the pileipellis in Windex
3 Basidia in KOH + Congo Red
4 Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 5.8 km SW from centre of Burnt Lake of Hwy 108, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
16-08-22/03 Gregarious on a decaying log of Acer saccharum, in a mature forest of Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Basidiospores pink in spore print, with 5-8 sides in profile but with angles often rounded and difficult to count, 10.1-13.2 x 6.7-8.2 µm, Q = 1.38-1.79 (average[38]: 11.6±0.80 x 7.5±0.36 µm, Q = 1.55±0.11)
Exsiccates: pileus nearly black
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, without a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia abundant, occurring in clusters along the margins of the lamellae, clavate, thin-walled, containing a dark intracellular pigment, possibly with a thin encrusting material near the apex (difficult to see), rather delicate and difficult to separate into individual cells, with intracellular pigment fading to pale brown in KOH
Lamellar trama parallel, very pale bluish grey, with a thin compact subhymenium
Pileipellis a cutis of hyphae terminated by clavate cells, frequently ascending to form the scales, with a strictly intracellular brown pigment, without encrustations
Clamp connections lacking throughout
Photos:
1 Scan of basidiomata
2 Cross section of pileus in Windex
3 Cheilocystidia in Windex
4 Basidia and hymenium in KOH + Congo Red - note lack of clamp connections
5 Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 4.3 km from the centre of Louis Lake, near Fowler Mountain, S of South Branch Renous River, Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
On rotting log of Acer saccharum
Basidiospores 6.7-8.7 x 2.9-3.7 µm, Q = 1.94-2.55
In the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Photos:
1 Basidiomata on wood of Acer saccharum
2 Basidiomata detail
3 Six- to eight-spored urniform basidia stained in KOH + Congo Red
4 Basidiospores in KOH + Congo Red
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochPlace
Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, 1.9 km SSW from the centre of Second Fowler Lake, Northumberland County,NB, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
11-08-22/04 Gregarious among Pleurozium on a small moss-covered boulder, associated with Acer saccharum and Betula allegheniensis
Voucher specimen in the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Similar to iNaturalist 131813343, an ITS-confermed collection from the same area
Pileus not seen when young, broadly convex, umbillicate and perforated at the apex, dry, very finely granular-scaly, dark yellow brown (HSV25:50:40-50), strongly hygrophanous and fading to nearly white, 30-37 mm in diameter
Stipe equal, brittle, dry, smooth and glabrous, grey brown (HSV25:10-15:60), white-mycelial at the base, hollow, 32-43 x 3-5 mm.
Lamellae pale pink (HSV25:05:100), possibly white at first, adnexed, subclose, obscurely brown-marginate.
Flesh white, without a distinctive odour
Basidiospores pink in spore print, heterodiametric, mostly 5-6-sided in profile but often obscurely & up to 9-sided when elongated, 9.4-13.9 x 6.9-8.3 µm, Q = 1.24-1.97 (average[35]: 11.4±1.20 x 7.5±0.36 µm, Q = 1.53±0.19)
Basidia broadly clavate to nearly cylindrical, 4-spored, without a basal clamp connection
Hymenial cystidia not seen
Lamellar trama parallel, of non-clamped hyphae
Pileipellis a subascending cutis of broad hyphae with swollen end cells, with cells of the cutis having brown exclusively intracellular pigments
Clamp connections absent throughout
Photos:
- Basidiomata in natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis in Windex showing cells of the cutis containing intracellular pigments
- Basidia and cells of the subhymenium in KOH + Congo Red, - no clamp connections present
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
09-08-22/04
Gregarious (3) in humus and leaf litter among Hylocomium splendens, attached at base to a tough material of unknown origin, associated with Betula papyrifera and Abies balsamea
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum
Pileus broadly convex at first, without an umbo, with margin uplifted in age, moist, glabrous, orange brown (HSV25:30:80-90), blackened at the centre in one, paler in age,15-30 mm in diameter
Stipe equal, dry, glabrous, rather elastic, mostly pale orange (HSV25:02-04:95-100), darkening to nearly black at the base and finally nearly throughout, hollow, 18-26 x 2-3 mm.
Lamellae pale orange white to pinkish, adnexed, subclose slightly dark at the margin due to the dense layer of spines.
Flesh concolorous with the surface tissues, with an acetylene odour and rather unpleasant taste.
Basidiospores white in spore print, dacryoid, smooth, not amyloid, 7.3-9.3 x 3.8-4.9 µm, Q = 1.70-2.15 (average[47]: 8.0±0.38 x 4.3±0.23 µm, Q = 1.89±0.11)
Hymenial setae covering the edges and sides of the lamellae, laceolate, brown, thick walled, 67.2-103.9 x 8.2-13.7 µm, Q = 5.81-9.46 (average[13]: 81.4±10.67 x 10.8±1.54 µm, Q = 7.64±1.01)
Photos:
- Basidiomata in natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis
- Cross section of two lamellae
- Cross section of lamella showing setae arising below the subhmenium
- Hymenial setae
- Basidiospores from spore print in KOH + Congo Red
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
15-08-16/08
Clustered (several) as base of dead burnt hardwood tree (probably Acer saccharum) in mixed forest of Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera and Abies balsamea
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pileus conic-convex to conical, with a small rounded umbo, not striate, greyish orange (HSV40:80:80-90) at first but later becoming more brown (HSV40:80:70-80), hygrophanous, glabrous, dry, 19-30 mm in diameter
Stipe equal or tapering down, bilaterally compressed below, pale greyish yellow to nearly white in the upper thirst, dark reddish brown to almost black below, with a fine brownish pruinose covering, dry, 40-60 X 2-5 mm
Lamellae reddish brown (HSV30:50-60:70), close to subclose, adnexed, not marginate
Flesh white in the pileus and upper part of the stipe, dark brown in the lower part of the stipe, with a nondescript mushroom odour and taste
Basidiospores white in spore print, dacryoid, smooth, without iodine reactions, 6.4-8.7 X 3.1-4.1 µm, Q = 1.71-2.52 (average[34]: 7.4 X 3.6 µm, D/d = 2.09)
Photos:
- Basidioma in the natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis in KOH + Congo Red
- Hymenial setae on lamella
- Hymenial setae
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution + Congo Red
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
19-08-12/07
Solitary in leaf litter under sugar maple in beech/maple forest,
In herbarium, New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Photos:
- Scan of Basidiomata
- Pileipellis
- Hymenial setae
Photos / Sounds
What
Coastal Jointweed (Polygonella articulata)Observer
dmallochDescription
Growing in gravelly soil at margin of road
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
Forming biofilm-like colonies with Cladosporium sphaerospermum (iNat 194128012) on the inner walls of an expired carton of soy milk.
Photos:
- Colonies on Malt Extract Agar (MEA). Curvularia inaequalis is the light brown colony on the left and Cladosporium sphaerospermum is the dark one on the right.
- Conidiophores and conidia
- Conidiophores and conidia
- Conidiophores and conidia
- Conidia
- Conidia
- Conidia
- Conidiophore showing pores at the conidiogenous loci
The conidia measure (25.2-)37.3-43.4 x 8.6-12.6 µm
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
Forming biofilm-like colonies with Curvularia inaequalis (iNat 194129408) on the inner walls of an expired carton of soy milk.
Photos:
- Colonies on Malt Extract Agar (MEA). Cladosporium sphaerospermum is the dark colony on the right and Curvularia inaequalis is the one on the left.
2-5 are conidia. The longest ones with more than one scar are from the base of the conidial chain.
The spherical conidia measured 4.4-5.1 µm in diameter
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
On dead fallen branch of Acer spicatum growing at edge of a forest of Picea rubens and Abies balsamea
Basidiospores 5.0-6.1 x 2.7-3.5 µm, Q = 1.64-1.94
New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Photos:
- Basidioma on dead branch of mountain maple
- Cross section of the basidioma in KOH showing the gloeocystidia embedded below the hymenium
- Gloeocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Clamp connections in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Sunset Webcap (Aureonarius limonius)Observer
dmallochDescription
Malloch 01-09-23/01
Gregarious (many, but only 7 collected) in a carpet of Pleurozium schreberi and other mosses, associated with Picea rubens, Betula papyrifera and Thuja occidentalis in a mature undisturbed forest
In the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Basidiospores orange brown (HSV30:50-60:90) in spore print, broadly ellipsoidal to ovate in profile, moderately roughened, not dextrinoid, 7.0-8.5 x 5.6-6.8 µm, Q = 1.21-1.40 (mean[43]: 7.9±0.37 x 6.0±0.24 µm, Q=1.31±0.04.
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia forming a continuous sterile margin, broadly clavate to lageniform, often with an elongated apical to subapical protrusion, 19-38 x 7.2-21.5 µm
Lamellar trama parallel, light brown, composed of lightly and irregularly encrusted hyphae
Pileipellis a thin cutis of narrow hyphae, with a subpellis of broader encrusted hyphae but without a well-developed hypoderm
Photos:
- Basidiomata in the natural habitat
- Scan of basidiomata
- Pileipellis in Windex
- Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Deadly Webcap (Cortinarius rubellus)Observer
dmallochDescription
Malloch 29-08-23/01
Solitary at the side of a path among Dicranum sp. in a pure stand of Abies balsamea
In the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Basidiospores orange brown in spore print, ovate in profile, coarsely roughened but often discharged in an apparently immature and nearly smooth state, not strongly dextrinoid, 8.9-11.6 x 6.1-7.6 µm, Q = 1.31-1.88 (average[49]: 9.8 ± 0.5 x 6.7 ± 0.4 µm, Q = 1.47 ± 0.10)
Cheilocystidia resembling immature basidia, clavate, 10.1-16.6 x 3.5-5.0 µm
Pileipellis a loose cutis of repent to subascending encrusted red brown hyphae, with a conspicuous nearly brick-like hypoderm of short broad hyphae
Photos:
- Basidioma
- Cross section of pileipellis in Windex
- Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo Red
- Encrusted hyphae of the lamellar trama in KOH + Congo Red
- Cross section of lamella in KOH showing cheilocystidia
- Basidiospores from spore print in Melzer's Solution
Photos / Sounds
What
Luminescent Panellus (Panellus stipticus)Observer
dmallochDescription
Densely gregarious on cut and split firewood logs of Acer saccharum and Betula papyrifera left in a pile for a year
D. Malloch 18-10-23/01
In the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum
Basidiospores 3.9-5.1 x 2.0-2.6 µm, Q = 1.72-2.11 (average[51]: 4.4 X 2.3, Q = 1.92)
Pictures:
1) Fruiting bodies on the end of a birch log
2) Fruiting bodies on the end of a maple log
3) Same log as #2 but photographed in the dark to show bioluminescence
4) Scan of fruiting bodies
5) Cross section of a fruiting body showing gills. The tips of the gills have cheilocystidia with entrapped gummy material. The blisters on the sides are developing masses of cystidia.
6) Cross section of gill in Windex showing cheilocystidia at the tip and the blister-like protuberance at the upper left
7) Cross section of gills in KOH + Congo Red showing cheilocystidia and gummy material
8) Cheilocystidia in KOH + Congo red. These have protuberances, but have not yet proliferated
9) Highly branched and proliferated older cheilocystidia
10) Surface tissues of the cap (pileipellis)
11) Hypha from the flesh of the cap in KOH + Phloxine showing the pink-stained cell contents and strongly swollen gelatinous cell wall
12) Basidiospores from a spore print in Melzer's Solution
13) Basidiospores from spore print in KOH + Congo Red
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
Parasitic on basidiomata of Cortinarius, subgen. Telamonia, possibly C. evernius.
Dried material deposited in the herbarium of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM)
Pictures: 1) basidioma of Cortinarius sp. with parasite, 2) detail of parasite, 3) immature sporangia, 4) immature sporangia, 5) sporangiophore initials, 6) sporangium with early development of spores, 7) mature sporangia, 8) sporangiospores, 9) germinating sporangiospore, 10) incipient zygosporangium, 11) zygosporangia, 12) base of sporangiophore with attached basidia and basidiospores of Cortinarius
Photos / Sounds
What
Oak Pin (Cudoniella acicularis)Observer
dmallochDescription
Identified on AscoFrance by Peter Püwert and Lothar Krieglsteiner.
On soil- and moss-covered dead root mass of Betula papyrifera in
Second-growth forest of Abies balsamea, Picea rubens and Betula papyrifera
Ascospores 17.4-20.1 x 5.2-5.7 µm, Q = 3.12-3.78. Asci I-
Photos / Sounds
What
Mycena borealisObserver
dmallochDescription
Gregarious (many) on a very rotten conifer log, associated with Abies balsamea and Betula cordifolia – McPherson Point Protected Natural Area, 2 km SW of Little Lepreau, Charlotte Co., New Brunswick
Basidiospores white in spore print, mostly elliptical in profile, less frequently obovate, smooth, amyloid, 8.5-11.7 x 5.3-7.1 µm, Q = 1.37-1.99 (average[56]: 9.8±0.64 x 5.0±0.37 µm, Q = 1.66±0.12).
Basidia clavate, 4-spored, with a basal clamp connection
Cheilocystidia abundant, ventricose to lageniform, with conspicuous finger-like projections on the narrow upper part, thin-walled, 69-103 x 16-24 µm.
Pleurocystidia abundant, similar to the cheilocystidia.
Pileal trama a thin cutis of roughened (but not coralloid) hyphae embedded in a gelatinous matrix arising from the dissolution of much narrower hyphae.
Lamellar trama parallel, dextrinoid
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochDescription
On fallen needles of Larix laricina kept in moist chamber for 4 weeks, Little Lepreau, New Brunswick, Canada. Voucher specimen in the New Brunswick Museum.
Conidia with one or possibly two septa, 27.0-49.2 x 2.6-3.3 µm
The type description gives the conidia as 38-70 X 2-3.4, a little larger than the new Brunswick material.
Photos / Sounds
Observer
dmallochPlace
Musquash Estuary about 0.7 km N of Black Beach, Saint John Co., New Brunswick, Canada (Google, OSM)Description
Colonizing old basidioma of Cortinarius pellstonianus (iNat141296506)
Collected by Alfredo Justo
What
Conioscypha variaObserver
dmallochDescription
On dead bleached branch of Sorbus decora, not submerged in water.
Literature:
T.K. Goh and K.D. Hyde. Mycol. Res. 102(3): 308-312. 1998.
N.G. Liu, D.J. Bhat, K.D. Hyde and J.K. Liu. Phytotaxa 413(2): 159-171. 2019.
M. Réblová and K.A. Seifert, K.A. Studies in Mycology. 50(1):95-108. 2004.
S. Udagawa and N. Toyazaki. Mycotaxon 18: 131-137. 1983.